Magnesium fluoride (MgF₂) is an important optical crystal widely used in optics due to its excellent optical properties and good mechanical performance. Its key characteristics include exceptional transparency and low reflectivity. It features high transparency over an extremely broad wavelength range from vacuum ultraviolet (110 nm) to infrared (8 μm), making it an ideal material for many optical components. MgF₂ is an orthorhombic crystal with lattice constants a=4.64 Å, b=4.64 Å, c=3.09 Å. This crystal structure gives it good thermal and chemical stability, while also allowing it to remain stable under certain pressure and resist fracture. Magnesium fluoride crystals are widely used in manufacturing high-quality optical components such as lenses, windows, prisms and mirrors. Due to its excellent ultraviolet transmission performance, MgF₂ crystals are also commonly used in fields such as ultraviolet imaging and spectroscopic analysis.